February 8, 2011
Darwin the experimental psychologist:


Darwin hypothesized that only some of Duchenne’s slides [of emotional expressions] represented universal human emotions. To test this idea, he arranged a single-blind study at his home in Kent County, England. Darwin chose 11 of Duchenne’s slides, placed them in a random order and presented them one at a time to over 20 of his guests without any hints or leading questions. He then asked his friends to guess which emotion each slide represented and tabulated their answers.

Facial expressions triggered by electric stimulation. Fig. 4, p. 277 from Mécanisme de la Physionomie Humaine by Guillaume Duchenne, 1862.

Darwin the experimental psychologist:

Darwin hypothesized that only some of Duchenne’s slides [of emotional expressions] represented universal human emotions. To test this idea, he arranged a single-blind study at his home in Kent County, England. Darwin chose 11 of Duchenne’s slides, placed them in a random order and presented them one at a time to over 20 of his guests without any hints or leading questions. He then asked his friends to guess which emotion each slide represented and tabulated their answers.